COVID-19 variants: What’s the concern?

Concern over variants, sometimes called strains, of the virus that causes COVID-19 is based on how the virus might change. A virus could get better at infecting people, spread faster or cause people to get sicker.

As a virus infects a group of people, the virus copies itself. During this process the genetic code can randomly change in each copy. These changes are called mutations.

Some mutations don’t have any effect on the virus.

But other mutations can:

• Make the virus better at infecting a person’s cells, causing serious illness.
• Make the virus better at avoiding the immune system.
• Cause tests for the virus to be less accurate.
• Cause vaccines to not work as well.
• Make medicine used to prevent or treat COVID-19 stop working or not work as well.

If a mutation changes how a virus acts in a group of people, it’s called a variant. Scientists across the world track the changes in the virus variants that cause COVID 19.

Omicron

The main variant in the United States is omicron. This variant spreads more easily than the original virus that causes COVID 19 and the delta variant. But omicron seems to cause less severe disease.

Omicron has a few major offshoots, also called sublineages. Together the omicron variants make up nearly all COVID 19 infections in the United States.

Getting a COVID-19 vaccine protects against serious illness, the need for hospital care due to COVID-19 and death from COVID-19. Staying up to date with the latest vaccine is most important for people at higher risk. That includes adults over age 65, those with weakened immune systems, people who are pregnant, and people with chronic conditions, such as heart disease, lung disease or obesity.

Serious side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine are extremely rare. Because of that, even healthy adults benefit from the COVID-19 vaccine, which lowers the risk of serious illness at a rate similar to that of the flu vaccine.